Distinction is a book written by Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist, and anthropologist. The book was first published in 1979 and has since become a classic in the field of sociology. In this book, Bourdieu explores the concept of taste, specifically how it is used to distinguish between different social classes. The book is divided into three parts, each of which focuses on a different aspect of taste and distinction.
Part One: The Economy of Signs
In the first part of the book, Bourdieu argues that taste is not simply a matter of personal preference, but is also shaped by social and economic factors. He calls this the “economy of signs,” which refers to the way in which different social groups use symbols and signs to distinguish themselves from one another. Bourdieu argues that the economy of signs is a form of power, as it allows those who have access to certain symbols and signs to exert control over others.
Part Two: The Field of Cultural Production
In the second part of the book, Bourdieu looks at the field of cultural production, which includes artists, critics, and other cultural producers. He argues that this field is divided into different factions, each of which is associated with a particular social class. Bourdieu suggests that the taste of each social class is shaped by the values and beliefs of that class, and that this taste is used to distinguish that class from others.
Part Three: The Taste for Art
In the final part of the book, Bourdieu explores the way in which different social classes use art to distinguish themselves from one another. He argues that the taste for art is not simply a matter of personal preference, but is also shaped by social and economic factors. Bourdieu suggests that the taste for art is a form of power, as it allows those who have access to certain forms of art to exert control over others.
Conclusion
Overall, Distinction is a thought-provoking book that challenges readers to think about the ways in which taste and distinction are used to create social hierarchies. Bourdieu’s argument that taste is shaped by social and economic factors is particularly compelling, as it highlights the ways in which our preferences are shaped by the world around us. While some readers may find Bourdieu’s writing style dense and difficult to follow, his ideas are certainly worth engaging with and considering.
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